Lock nut



May 2, 1950 R. WARREN, JR

LOCK NUT Filed March 15, 1944 Patented May 2, 1950 sures r- 'IJOCK NUT i Richard Warren, Jr., ;Strai 0rd,;Conn.

*Ap'plica'tion-Marial1, 15, 1944; serial -Noi 52fig54l This invention relates to new and usefulf i-m- {'provements" in lock nuts.

eAn object of: the invention'is to provide aioek nut which is: of simple construction, zis inexpen- :-""sive= t manufacture, "which will retain: itself on eas-bblt even thoug-h the latter he I subjected "to -fl'rioler'it, continuous and rapid -=vibration, rand which may be removd from-a bol-t for reuse.

vOther objects and advantages will become' apaparent from a consideration of ther'iol'iewingfdeittaii-led =des :ripi' ion ataken i in connection vwitnathe accompanying 'fdrawin wherein: satisfactory? embddiments of theinvention' are disblosd. I-IoW- seven it is to be *un'derstodd that "theZinVentiOn is mot "limited to the detafls disclosed rbut Yineludes :"a'il *such'='variations and-modifications 'ias iall -w' ithin the spirit oftthe :invent-ion :zan'd :the -scope-otthe appendedclaims.

the drawing:

1 is a vertical ecentral 'seeti-onal View through a lock 'nut made iniaccordance with the iinvention;

vFig. 2' is a 'bottommlanwiewrofrthe'uppereportiomofithe'lock'nutzofiFigi 1 *Fig.'f3 is -a"topp1an view oft-theslowertportion orthe lockinutofz Fig.1

4tis' -a view ssimilar to :Figil'ibht showing a slightlymodified:construction;

Fig. 5 is a vertical central sectionalsview showh1g another modification EigJ-S is a top alan- View:of one: ofsthe' locking elements of' Figf 5 and Fig. "7- isan'enlarged detail seetionai View showing a portion'ofone of-- the nuts: ofthe invention apblied to a bolt.

-Referring imdetailto the drawing:- and at fir'st more particularly to the form 1 of the invention #shown in FigsJL- Z and 3, at H] is generaJllyifidL eateda lock nut comprising a metal 1 ndt' -bo'dy "made'up of an outer or top: part I and-an inner or 'bottom part I2. 111 the completed 'nut 'these parts are "disposedche on the 'otheri an'd welded together along :their' meeting line '13.

The nut has a threaded passage M therethrough for the reception of the threaded? shank -01 'abolt as -wi11 be --understood. .'*In "the 1, lower "side or part l ha: recess 1'5 is eut or formed-and such *recess *in addition iito openin through'ithe ss'aid sideof 1 the "part opens intoathetipassage a M. 55: similar recess 1 6 is for-med or .cuttin :the :upper :side iof the a part i2 :and inzziad'dition to opening ijthrough such-' side: opens: into the passage "I 3.

Reeesses I15 zand 9 I 6 rare idupiicates rofcene ranrothers and. it noted: that they} arethothieccentric witb respectzto:thezpassage: H. :"A: locking-insert 2 l1 iSfdiSDQSOd. inttheirecess t6 and enterscofily ;.part1y:rtherein,rthe insertwbeing of :greatertthick- ":ness than :the fde-pth czof the :recess. Thereaflzer the part- I l 1 is :disposednnpart I hand? the recess l5 --reeeives the: protruding epart of 'the inserts-H. Now the parts are welded togethel zasv suggested :azong the 'line I It and thejalockr nuts-is r readyi-for muse.

:Inserttlr-is-of plastic materialtzofi such charaeteristics that when theinut :is threaded iaontoea bcit shankthe threadszof: the'lat-ten form threads -'initheinnerperiphery*oftheinsert. :Thethreads may be formed. by mutting qinto =1 and Z removing some 'of the :material 'of :the l insertrbut-iashhere 15 shown the: bolt .threads: mere1y,-.displace somewof sthe material of: the insert;asfbybompressingisueh (material.

Theinsert completelyfi-llsrtherrecesses l Erand I 6 and in addition ?the inner diameter eof ethe insert is i such: that it; projects into the; tbo1t shank qreceiving zpassage I 4 etc a point "slightly-beyond "the minor diameter of passage =14 rand-eat eieast xbeyond .the'maj or: diameter thereof ise ibeyond the -va11eys of the uthreads oi wsueh passage. Therefore When the nutrisethreadedvontoeapbolt i the threads I of *the latter form nthreads --in ithe "inner #peripherial *edge :of -1the insert. @eingeof agzplastie material; the insert-is somewhat resilient "and is compressed by the threading wnto the boitzshank andsthereforeqgripssthe-iatter secure- :iy maintaining the ."nut on :the "bolt against any 0318119415 separation therefrom.

iSince the'Tecesses: l5: 'and: are-eecentricwwith respect ito'the passageelhandfill an eccentric 2 recess -z-about said npassage vit will doe --cleai- @that *the =meta1r--nut :bodywmay notbezturned: relative to the'insert Flurther asthe-insert -is w-holiy .withinrthe metal nut body,v that-is,=.the; insert is spaced from both ends of i theapassage M; it-ww-ill The clear that the insert-,isprotectedfrom physical violence; and may: not becdamage'd' byzbeingeaccidentaliy struck. orthe like. -Whi1e; the characteristics 2 ofthesplastics "that r may-be --used*=wi-11 ,iater abe; considereidiin; detail: itqisihere noted that preier-ably :a plastic .jnavings :reIat-iVeiy rhigh 151183.13 softeningepoint;is ;used,:.if:the:;plasticgis?thermazpiastie.

.iInrFig; 7 thernut 2 i 23iisshowni threadedqontoea bolt la and itcis-r noted sthat the insert ,1! fGlOWdS ithe inutxoutwardly on :the :belt threads atnat -V-the :outert faces: kHz-ofrthe: mitgthreads are: jammed ,aagainst athe zinneriiiaces zit :of; the cboltiathreads. In:this ;wayathernutiis iockedon thefboltiagainst acasual zturningzrmovement athereto. .iIn memos the material of the insert tends to adhere to the bolt.

Referring now to the modification of Fig. 4 there is shown a lock nut generally designated 2| and comprising an outer metal nut body made up of an outer or upper part 22 and an inner or lower part 23. Through these parts is a threaded bolt shank receiving passage 24. In the assembled nut the parts 22 and 23 are welded together as indicated by the line 25. Part 23 in its outer or upper side is provided with an annular recess 26 eccentric with respect to the passage 24 and opening through the walls of said passage. In this recess is disposed an annular plastic insert 21 also eccentric and of a size and shape to completely fill said recess and to project into the passage 24 as mentioned in connection with nut l and the insert I1. I

Before the parts 22 and 23 are welded together the insert 21 is disposed in the recess 25 and thereafter the nut parts are assembled and welded or otherwise secured together along the line 25. The nut 2| is used in the same manner as the nut Ill and attention is directed to the fact that the inserts l1 and 21 are each a complete annulus without any split or break. Therefore it will be understood that the difierence between the nuts Ill and 2| resides nearly exclusively in the fact that in the nut 2| the annular recess is in but one part and that the making of two recesses, one in each nut part, is avoided. Nut 2| is locked on a bolt as set forth in connection with the nut l0 and shown in Fig. '7. I

In the modification of Figs. and 6 there is shown a lock nut generally designated 39 and comprising a one-piece metal nut body 3| having a threaded passage 32 therethrough for the reception of the threaded shank of a bolt. In spaced relation to both ends of said passage 32 a recess 33 is formed in the nut body and such recess is annular and opens through the walls of said passage. In addition the recess is eccentric with respect to the passage 32 being deeper at one side of said passage than at the other side thereof as clearly shown in Fig. 5.

Completely filling the recess 33 is a locking insert 34 comprising a laminated structure made up 'of a number of pieces 35 each having an eccentric opening 36 therethrough as best shown in Fig. 6. Each piece35 is split as at 31 whereby ""the ends adjacent the split may be drawn into overlapping relation and the pieces then inserted through one end of the passage 32 and partly disposed in the recess'33 and then released whereupon it springs out to normal condition. The

recess preferably receives several of the pieces 35 to make up the locking insert 34 as shown.

The insert enters into the passage 32 as described in connection with nut l0 and insert I1 whereby to be engaged by the threads of a bolt shank onto which the nut may be threaded. The insert 34 is of plastic material and when the nut 30 is threaded onto a bolt shank the threads of the latter form threads in the insert by displacing portions thereof. These displaced portions of the insert may be compressed. into the body of the insert and the insert 34 serves to lock F the nut to a'bolt as described above and as illustrated in Fig. 7 in connection with nut Ill.

While the various inserts herein disclosed may be formed by molding from suitable plastic ma- "terial they may also be punched from a sheet of plastic. This is clearly the preferable course -when making the insert comprising a .laminated.

structure of relatively thin pieces as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The pieces 35 may be punched from sheets of a plastic having a certain resiliency so that when the pieces have their ends drawn into overlapping relation for insertion into the recess 33 they will, when released, spring to normal condition and will completely fill the recess and yet project or extend slightly into passage 32 as above set forth. As the insert 34 is eccentric and disposed in an eccentric recess it will be understood that the nut body 3| may not be turned relative to the insert. Nut 30 may also be used repeatedly as while it will not casually release from a bolt shank even under violent and rapid vibration it may be unscrewed by a wrench and again used.

It is noted that the threads of the parts I and I2 are continuations one of the other so there will be no distortion of the bolt or nut threads or jamming by reason of crossing of threads caused by the threads of one nut part not being continuous with those of the other part. The same is true of the threads of parts 22 and 23 and in the nut 3!} the threads of passage 32 are continuations of one another. That is, the threads above the locking insert 34 are arranged to match with the threads of a bolt shank onto which the nut portion below said insert has been threaded.

The inserts of the various nuts disclosed are of a material into which the threads of a bolt may form a thread merely by pressing portions of the material of the inserts aside. The bolt threads-do not cut away any of the material of the inserts but merely press the threads therein. Preferably the inserts are formed of a material that is waterproof, bacteria and fungus proof (whereby not to be subject to decay through biochemical attack) and which has a relatively high heat softening point if of thermoplastic type. Such a material, at present preferred, is a hard vinyl chloride containing a minimum of plasticizer. When the pieces forming the insert are not molded but are punched from sheets the pieces seem tougher and more fibre forming and better serve to grip the bolt shank onto which they may be threaded. This is probably due to some orientation taking place in the material during the rolling out of the sheets.

When the locking insert is wholly within the nut body as disclosed herein it cannot; while the nut is in use on a bolt, be contacted by oil or other matter that might soften or loosen it. In addition these nuts heat up considerably in use in places where they are subjected to vibration. Therefore if the inserts are of thermoplastic material and should become softened, even tothe flow point, the material of the inserts cannot escape from its proper place in the metal nut bodies. It is noted that under heatthe thermoplastic resins expand and therefore Where the lock nuts of the invention have inserts of such material the bolt is gripped tighter as the insert is heated.

Thermosetting' material may be used forthe makin of the various inserts and for somepurposes it is advantageous. It is impervious to moisture, will withstand higher temperatures without deformation or decomposition, has high compressive strength and is cheaper to use. This last is true by reason of the fact that thermosetting material ,may. .be loaded with fillers. It may be reenforced with fibrous materials, aswith'fiock, and will retain. such materials inplace--more eifectively than many thermoplastic materials...-.

inserted into. the recess. 33 inthe hut bo y'l 'This.

isdu to thei iact that the rings are insertecl o'ne at-a m andri is-no l sh v hick-p r sef he-r uas e ac y p oper lo ed ingthe-lrecessn "Under .uch circumstances i tis,

adrisablest spassr .ue'ri 't mueh. the assaeieasses-part of the metho .of'.nianuiaotfure, seer.

the, inserts. are, in *place to .insurethe proper bolt receivingflpassage through the. nut body.

-' I he.ini entionisnot lirniteduto. thewuse f; hard vin l-chloride i011 the inserts. Othenplastics. may;

ass-se m; nuerlas ics h v rensi r bl i rat eeeb e b n :er e t es- Ge ly ee ing the inserts comprise organic plastic materials and container thesematerials may be used alone while; othersmay; aused onlyinrcomhination with;

one;vor- .more--other materials to. mal ce a harder anelflor softer. and/ or l tougher material. or. mixture. .Eppexampla;cellulose and .itsderivatives, while inalphaonbetastagumay beused as fillers and tostoughen; the material ere ,mix.

. It. is prefer-red. that themuterial of the inserts beresi'stanttobacteriaand fung us rowth-wherebK-Stha insertsare not. suhiectto; decay through biochemical, attack; thatlt have, a relatively high heat soften,- ing-- .point if thermoplastic, that it hewater-proof. or. substantially so, 1 and that: it have a certain elasticiffiyiar lufibre forming characteristics. Various ioombina tiqns eof the herein disclosed materials may be mixed for the purpose of imparting to themix the desired characteristics. Many, of the materials falling within the scop of the present disclosure are chemically incompatible with one another but are mechanically miscible to form a homogeneous mass which may-be fabricated tq provide the inserts-of the lock rn tsacf; heinren enivarious. syn heti resins em el -iiortm malsiueiof the. insertso rthe .tion. .Ihat'is, I may us -.1 phenolaluehyde resins, am noaldehyd resins, I3). .hyclrQXy-sa .-.b yli aresins, (4.) -'sulphonamide..resius,..(5) resins, from-su ar, (6).,vinyl resins. includinaresinsfrom vinylzsierivatires, $Z) ;indene resins. and (8-) .lignin i'plastic sulistanc s may. also use natural-{a d nthetic 1 '0. ,.GQ Ll OS and.its.derivativesmmteingplasti substances -.a.n.d petroleum -plasti d rivatives; Fillers mayz -useuwith v rious 0f%t materials andamar beinthe f rm of; powd rsr bres Certain of the. materials named-2 herein-tare. too hardgand brittle to .beused. alone for the'present purpose .:asrthey..are..likely..to crack or Iractu'reunder vibrationor strain. With'fthese materials I mix othen softer materialstoxlend resilie'ncyand toughness to :the -mass. .OtherjzmaterialsTherein includediareitoosoit to beused' alone and. have :tocv lo'w a.heat:-sdftemng.p0int... -With.-tsuch materials I mix harder materials to add materially to their hardness and to raise their heat softening point.

Among the resins under type (1) above, I include resins such as phenol formaldehyde, cresol iii en s o n alueto m.

hi e phenol iur i aldehyde 1?.Qlih T-@ and othera d hyde s U r. re s. in e urea and formalqehydaresinsian d aniline resi obtai edb condensing, aniline a d i rm d hr e: a ee herfanilinesio s m nes andcthe f. h 'd .sj-.

Undertrne (3.), T I include. mate ia s md by the esterification of polybasic' acidsand. p0 nydric alcohols. 'Such materials are iregu 'tly' cal ed. alkya res ns, this. tifle ml'ud ,ajcii ic acid es n obtained thesconderilsat'iqn. 'o adip ic acid and ce in or br the. condensation -o lyceri with phthalicanhydride. ype: (4) includes-the suinhonam de resi s ,de le-ped ,fr'om para uenesulphqnami e- ,The-r e$i s i m Sug -1i ab a-ra ee ainedi ce e nef a h r l with aldehydesandureas. 4

Tre t e inyl r en s e in .f mfiff vinyl} clerivativesarelprc ably best suited f purpose. These include vmyli lenechloride ester; vinyl chloride (ha,ing verydesirabl ransfer prop s);

0i he -.esters= @me polrm tlia y r r aincplast enomer o st r ne-w.

t e-r s pol- Res n 'ofnhe.

poly dene anuenQly-e maron T Under 1751139" &8

I includelignin angl ng-derivatives extracted 0mlkw te'water; n. oth so h ienim mar be separatedin sums a d-b var ous .r ,..-m n ts:into clearlti'anse' p rent resinsmsef or; myfpurnose. 1 Lignin...is;- yd o ena ed- W t Bailey :nickel catalyst; in.

aqueous solution. yielding. :methanol; ,propygh ychxaine; hyiimxyl.proDYluynhexames; and accolorl'ess-zresin whichmay;againbe .sepalvatedfinto" analkali soluble:- slnx an alkali "insoluble compoe nent. Iwuse either-.of :these' .componentsxin the.

making :of the-various; inserts of :the invention- Under the heading 5 of .tnatural .andesynthetic lastics I include as the. naturali'ilastics mama;

rubber, gutta percha and latex either: alone orin As the "syn- 28136. :(type 7:) include varisuschemical 001111110 re but. also into colored;

lulose; synthetic cellulose; cellulose xanthate; benzylcellulose; ethylcellulose; cellulose hydrate; cellulose triacetate; cellulose acetobutyrate; cellulose acetopropionate; hydrolyzed cellulose acetate and others of the cellulose esters and ethers. Most of these materials may be used alone and certain of them for mixing with other materials to provide a tough mixture. Gel cellulose may also be used.

Nitrocellulose compounded with other materials of less flammable nature or of a nature to prevent flammability may be used. Halowax or the like may be used for compounding with the nitrocellulose. Other inflammable plasticizers which may be compounded with nitrocellulose for my purpose are monophenyl phosphate; triphenyl phosphate and di(paratertiary butyl phenyl mono l tertiary butyl .2 zenyl phosphate. The flammable nature of nitrocellulose may be weakened or lessened by mixing with varying proportions of cellulose acetate.

' Under the heading of protein plastic substances I include casein plastic products as well as polypentomethylene sebacamide and the group of compounds of which at least one is obtained by the condensation polymerization from a diamine and dibasic carboxylic acid. Collagen plastics are also under this heading of protein plastics. Resins from coffee are believed to fall under this heading.

The petroleum plastic derivatives include those gums or resins obtained by the oxidation or controlled polymerization of certain distillates of petroleum cracking. Those plastics falling under this heading are clear, hard, neutral products resistant to alkalis, acids, alcohol and water. A softer type of the same material may be used. Both may be used for my present purpose but it is preferred that the softer type be used'with some other harder or more brittle material, as with one of the condensation resins, to provide an insert having desired characteristics as to toughness, resiliency, high heat flow point, etc.

While all of the above named materials may be used alone or in combination with other materials to provide an insert as herein disclosed, there are questions of locations that enter into the problem as to what plastic should be used in anyparticular instance. Some of the plastics have a higher heat softening point, others are more inert, etc., and so the plastic used in any particular instance should be determined by the conditions under which the lock nut is to be employed. For best results chemical environment should be considered. The metal of the nut body would be determined in the same way. Some of the plastics swell when wet and therefore on drying are likely to fall to pieces. Plastics having such characteristics should not be employed in nuts which are to be reused.

A material comprising a mixture of thermoplastic and thermosetting materials is useful. In such a mixture the thermosetting material should be in its secondary stage of cure prior to use of the nut. Then when the nut is employed in a hot location or is subject to rapid vibration while in use the thermosetting portion of the mixture reaches a final stage of cure while in actual use. As the thermosetting portion of the mixture cures or sets up it becomes harder and holds the nut to the bolt. Previously it was noted herein that the thermosetting materials may be used alone, the invention not being limited to thermoplastic materials or to thermosetting materials only when mixed with thermoplastic materials. The thermoplastic portion of the mix will, if sufliciently heated, become soft and become nearly a lubricant but the nut will be held in place on the bolt by the thermosetting portion of the mix should such heat conditions prevail.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a lock nut, a metal nut body having a threaded bolt receiving passage therethrough, said body comprising an inner and an outer part disposed in abutting relation said parts having matched and axially registered external peripheral surfaces and threaded bolt receiving passages, an annular recess in one of said parts and opening through its side toward the other part and the walls of said passage, said recess eccentric with respect to said passage and said recess closed at the mentioned side of said part by the other part, a locking insert in the form of an eccentric annulus in and filling said recess and projecting into said passage at least to a point beyond the valleys of the threads thereof, and said body parts rigidly secured together in such abutting relation in non-rotatable relation to each other and against relative axial movement.

2. In a lock nut, a metal nut body having a threaded bolt receiving passage therethrough, said body comprising inner and outer parts disposed in abutting relation, an annular recess in one of said parts and opening through its side toward the other part and the walls of said passage, said recess eccentric with respect to said passage and said recess closed at the mentioned side of said part by the other part, a locking insert in the form of an eccentric annulus in and filling said recess and projecting into said passage at least to a point beyond the valleys of the threads thereof, and said body parts welded together in such abutting relation.

RICHARD F. WARREN, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record inthe file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 180,064 Rebasz July 18, 1876 184,835 Champion Nov. 28, 1876 298,843 Gissinger May 20, 1884 559,782 Mosley May 5, 1896 646,898 Deiters Apr. 3, 1900 652,530 Bryce June 26, 1900 853,150 Bartz May 7, 1907 1,303,715 Outlaw May 13, 1919 7 1,726,628 Rennerfelt Sept. 3, 1929 1,830,919 Sundh Nov. 10, 1931 2,069,008 Howard Jan. 26, 1937 2,148,959 Pavlecka Feb. 28, 1939 2,255,948 Swanstrom Sept. 16, 1941 2,270,662 Raney Jan. 20, 1942 2,286,336 Brooke Mar. 16, 1943 2,313,763 Olsen Mar. 16, 1943 2,321,201 Heilman June 8, 1943 2,321,414 Parker June 8, 1943 2,325,303 Brooke July 27, 1943 2,360,531 Wojtan Oct. 17, 1944 2,390,726 Mitchell Dec. 11, 1945 

